The Purpose – Theory of Subaltern

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              Name :- Megha B Trivedi

         Course :- M.A.English

         Sem :- 1

         Batch :- 2016-2018

         Roll No :- 25

         Enrolment No :- PG 2069108420170030

         Submitted to :- Smt. S.B.Gardi Dept.of English MKBU

         Email ID :- meghatrivedi666@gmail.com

         Paper No :- 4 Indian Writing in English

         Topic :- The Purpose – Theory of Subaltern 

                       In the field of literature we have many form of art like Drama, Short Story, Novel, Poetry, Essays etc. In the form of Drama, especially in Indian writing we find many well known dramatists who wrote very beautiful drama or play. Like Tagore, Aurobindo, Harindrnath Chtopadhyay, T.P. Kailasam etc. Hear we talk about the T.P. Kailasam.

     

  Introduction of T.P.Kailasam:-

            

         Full name of T.P.Kailasm is Thanjavur Paramasiva Kailasam. He was born on 29 July 1886 in Mysore, India and died on 1946 in Bangalore, India. He was Tamil. He had a good education, he studied geology in London. Then he joined government geology service, he also wrote play and also worked in local theater. He spent 10 years in place he called ' Nook' it was dirty place, but Kailasam wrote many plays in there. He wrote plays like

1) The Burden (1933)

2) Fulfillment (1933)

3) The Purpose (1944)

4)Karna : The Brahmin's Curse (1940)

5) Keechak(1949)

                        

        He wrote in English also. He was considered as “The father of modern kannada drama”, he also known as “The father of humorous plays” and known as “One and only Kailasam for Kannda”. Although all his theme and characters are mythological yet their treatment and delineation are strictly according to his vision, mission and imagination.

          Eklavya's story in Mahabharata :-

                    

                         This Eklavya's story based on Adiparva from Mahabharata. Mahabharata is Indian Epic and Eklavya was a Nishada boy. He was a poor hunter; belong to tribal community in the forest near Hastinapur. He wanted to learn archery for save deer in the forest. So, he went to Dronacharaya and requested him to teach archery. Drona was the teacher of the royal family. Arjun was disciple of Drona in Gurukul. At that time as a rule that only King's son and Brahmins were study in Gurukul not any common people like Eklavya. But Eklavya wanted to learn archary very deeply so on the other side Drona could not accepted but he made a statue of his Guru Drona and start his practice and after many years he became a good archer and one day guru Drona and Arjuna find Eklavya, they know that he became good archer at that time Arjuna became very angry and asked guru What is this? And then Guru asked Gurudakshina at that time Eklavya gave his thumb without any hesitation. So it is very simple story of Mahabharata. People know only story of greet archer Arjuna, but what about Eklavya?

  

Eklavya's story in Purpose by T.P. Kailasam

                          

           Eklavya was  Nishaada boy. Ha wanted to learn good archery because he tries to save deer in forest. His mother subjected that you go with Guruji Dronacharya. He thought and he came near Guruji and first he saw the Ashram and Arjun and Guruji. At that time Drona teach archery to Arjuna, the aim of Arjuna to learn archery is,

“To ATTAIN FAME AS AN ARCHER!  NO MORE!”

                         

           So his aim is wrong on the other side Eklavya

's aim is very pure and right. Guruji told Arjuna that,

“IT IS NO LESS A THING THAN CONCENTRATION! AN ABSOLUTELYTRA NECESSARY ELEMENT TO ONE'S PROGRESS IN ANY STUDY”.

                           

        At that time Eklavya listens and try to understand this word and try to speak,

“CON.....CEN.....TRA.....TION”

                         

        And then he said Drona that Guruji I wanted to learn archery,

“I HAVE TRIED HARD EVER SO HAED, SIR, TO LEREN BY MYSELF....BUT IT DOES SEEM NOT POSSIBLE, SIR TO LEARN ALL BY ONE'S OUR SELF.”

                             

         Drona always used word for Eklavya that

 “MY LITTLE MAN”

                              

          Drona asked Eklavya, who are you? And he said that I am Nishaada boy, at that time Guruji said that

“I LOVE ALL LITTLE MEN OF ALL CASTES ALIKE”

                              

         But I gave promised to Arjuna that he would make him the greatest archer in the world and we find some dialogue between Arjuna and Eklavya,

Arjuna: - “AN ARYA IS AN ARYA! AND A NISHAADA IS ONLY A LOW- BORN NISHAADA!”

Eklavya: - “PRIDE IN ONE'S CASTE MORE THAN IN ONE'S POWER TO DO GOOD.”

Arjuna: - “I DO NOT LIKE YOU! I DISLIKE YOU! VERY MUCH!

Eklavya: - “HATE IS ONLY ANOTHER NAME FOR FEAR”

         So, we find hear that how beautifully T.P.Kailasam's show that class and class conflict, in more deeply because of Eklavya was a Nishaada boy and that's why Drona can't accept Eklavya as a pupil.

                 

         In the second Act Drona and Arjuna one day see that Eklavya became a good archer because,

                                                           

“PRACTICE MAKES MAN PERFECT”

                

        He made a statue of Drona and starts his practice. In the second act Drona and Arjuna meet Eklavya and knows that he became a good archer. At that time Arjuna blame on Drona that you are liar and suddenly Eklavya gave his thumb as a Gurudakshina. At that time Drona said that

“ Little man! What have you done?”

Eklavya: - “GURUJEE! YOU WILL KEEP YOUR PROMISE AND I WILL STOP HIS MOUTH FOR EVER!

                 

         So, we find many differences in Mahabharta's story and Kailasam's Purpose. Eklavya's purpose is vet clear, very loyal and humble towards Gurujee and how Kailasm portrayed selfish character of Arjuna. Mahabharta's Eklavya is voiceless and Kailasam gave voice. We can see the how beautifully deconstructed the character of Arjuna and the myth.

                  Critical aspects in Purpose: -

         Many critical things we find in Kailasm's Purpose because with the help of work Kailasam try to rays many questions like,

1) Class and class conflict

2) Subaltern

3) What is the purpose of our life? And question on our Existentialism.

4) Philosophical ideas

5) Nietzsche's concept of Truth.

             

          So, all aspects we find in Kailasam's work hear we talked about what is Subaltern and how we apply in The Purpose and in our society also.

                      Mining of subaltern

          

                        It refers to the populations that are socially, politically and geographically outside of the hegemonic power structure of the colony and of the colonial homeland. As intellectual discourse the concept of the subaltern is problematic because it originated as a Eurocentric method of historical enquiry for Africa, Asia and the Middle East. The term “Subaltern” is used in the fields of history, anthropology, sociology, human geography and literary criticism.

                    

  

    In postcolonial theory the term Subaltern describes the lower class people and who are at the margins of a society. We find that many people are subaltern and many cast also in our India.

     Parihas and Tribal people are also marginalized or subaltern.

                   Concept of Subaltern in Purpose:-

                              

           In the Purpose we find that Eklavya from low caste, he was Nishada boy and Arjuna was King's boy, prince and he was Arya. So Eklavya can't study Archery from Guru Dronacharya, because he was Nishada boy. At that time only high class or King's sons learn archery, and Drona was Guru only Arjuna not any other. So we can say that Nishada is Subaltern cast or group of people and Eklavya was as a Subaltern person. Even his purpose to learn archery is good and he was smart than Arjuna yet he cannot became great archer because of his caste. He learned archery by himself, yet he compromised with Arjuna as a cost of Gurudakshina and lost his thumb it's not only lost his thumb but lost his archery also.

        Subaltern are in our contemporary society:-

         We think deeply on this topic at that time we find this type of problem in our society also, even in this 21^st century also. We find many people in village they don't use food and water of lower class people and even lower class people living out of villages they don't get proper education and also good job. Just because of their caste. Not only villages in city we see the problems of cast and class. Higher class and lower class. And many problems are create it's just because of rigid thought.

                       Conclusion:-

                              

      So, at the end we can say that Kailasm's main purpose is to saw the burning issue of this subaltern kind of question in our society, because come characters who are ruling over the other, and that

's why this type of situations create. Because power is the center. We find in the Purpose also. We have one good think that “HUMAN” and “HUMANITY” is important than any other class, caste, name and religion. Start believes in humanity. Because humanity is our first identity and first religion.           

                         

                  

References:

https://images.google.com/

https://www.wikipedia.org/

http://tpkailasam.blogspot.in/2011/11/purpose.html